How much noise is too much noise?
First of all, local noise regulations are seldom an adequate answer:
- They typically do not reference the guidelines and standards of the noise control engineering profession, nor ongoing research on the topic of noise annoyance.
- In many cases they were not drafted with the help of a qualified noise control engineer, or were cut-and-pasted from other municipalities.
- They are often based solely on A-weighted sound levels that tend to overlook important characteristics such as low-frequency noise, tones, pulsations, etc.
- They seldom address the effect of continuous industrial noise, which is usually most noticeable at night.
- They are often so technically flawed as to be unintelligible or unenforceable.
As a result they don’t automatically guarantee noise levels that are compatible with residential living.
So, how much is too much?
It depends; “one size definitely does not fit all”. The main factors include:
- Absolute sound levels (for comparison to recommended limits)
- Relative sound levels (before vs. after)
- Community type (rural and suburban areas usually warrant lower levels)
- Unpleasant characteristics such as prominent tones, pulsations, impacts, etc.
- Low-frequency noise (audible “rumble”)
- Infrasound (potential feelable vibration)
- Round-the-clock operation (sleep interference)
If you’d like to learn more, consider taking my course on “Industrial Noise in Residential Communities“. It will provide an overview of the concepts, terminology, sound descriptors, and recommended sound levels for continuous noise sources like power plants, data centers, and gas compressor stations.
October 13, 2026